Some research suggests the MTHFR gene mutation, linked to conditions like depression and bipolar disorder, may play a role in ADHD’s onset, too. Treatments like folate supplementation may help.

Although gene studies are a relatively recent scientific development, researchers have begun to connect certain gene mutations with a higher risk of certain conditions.

For example, researchers have found mutations of the MTHFR gene, or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, to be linked to conditions like depression, bipolar disorder, certain cancers, and high blood pressure.

According to some limited evidence, it may be connected to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) too.

In this article, we outline what the research says about the link between ADHD and the MTHFR gene in particular, as well as what to do if you have it.

There’s some evidence suggesting that ADHD is related to the MTHFR mutation.

First, this mutation is linked to folate deficiency. Researchers have already hypothesized that ADHD is linked to reduced folate levels as well.

People with this mutation tend to have higher levels of homocysteine in their blood, which is linked to conditions like osteoporosis. Lower levels of folate and other essential vitamins are also linked to conditions like celiac disease.

In a 2022 review of five studies that included more than 1,000 participants, researchers concluded that one key MTHFR mutation (1298A>C) is linked to both ADHD and bipolar disorder.

However, researchers note the need for larger studies and more research to confirm this finding and rule out any potential environmental factors.

Furthermore, in a 2018 review of the MTHFR gene mutation and mental health conditions, researchers concluded that while there are so far very few studies exploring this connection, it does appear to be linked to the inattentive type of ADHD in particular.

However, researchers also point to older research from Turkey that found no link between MTHFR mutations and ADHD in children.

One 2019 study included 64 children with ADHD and their mothers and 40 children without ADHD and their mothers. The mothers with one mutation of the MTHFR gene, C677C, were significantly more likely to have children with ADHD.

This supports a maternal link between ADHD and the MTHFR gene. But again, more research to confirm this finding is needed.

Why is MTHFR controversial?

Despite emerging evidence, the MTHFR gene mutation and its effects remain controversial. This is due to factors like conflicting research findings and a limited ability to control for potential environmental factors that may contribute to certain conditions.

For instance, the 677C>T variant is more common in Mediterranean and Hispanic populations and less common in Black populations. It can be challenging to assess to what degree factors like race, diet, or cultural factors play a role in the onset of certain gene mutations and health conditions.

Finally, exactly how genes work in our bodies remains a bit of a mystery. Epigenetics shows that certain genes may be “switched on” or off, though scientists aren’t always clear as to why.

Plus, simply having the mutation does not mean you will develop any physical or mental health conditions.

If you have an ADHD diagnosis from a doctor as well as a positive MTFHR gene mutation test, you have options to manage both. Potential treatments to consider include:

  • Folate supplementation: In a 2023 case study, researchers found that L-methyl folate supplementation was beneficial in two children with ADHD and the MTHFR mutation. In general, folate deficiency is linked to insufficient cell growth and issues with the body’s ability to repair the central nervous system.
  • Vitamin B supplementation: In cases of confirmed MTHFR mutations coupled with vitamin deficiencies, doctors may suggest supplementing with vitamins B12 or B6.
  • Other dietary changes: Incorporating natural sources of folate in your diet, including legumes, eggs, and leafy greens, may also help manage symptoms of the MTHFR mutation and ADHD. Consuming enough choline and riboflavin may also help.
  • Lifestyle interventions: Quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and maintaining a nutritious diet in general are also known to help treat issues stemming from ADHD and the MTHFR mutation.

Keep in mind that if you’re following the above strategies, conventional and alternative ADHD treatments shouldn’t necessarily be ruled out. Speaking with a healthcare professional is recommended to determine what’s best for your unique needs.

If you would like to be tested for the MTHFR gene, talk with a doctor to learn more about your options. It’s possible that genetic testing could be covered under your insurance plan if it’s deemed medically necessary.

In a large 2017 Chinese study, researchers found a wealth of evidence to suggest that foods high in soy, salt, sugar, or unhealthy fats (such as fried foods) correlate with higher homocysteine levels in the blood in some people.

For that reason, limiting or avoiding these foods may potentially help treat issues stemming from the MTHFR mutation.

However, researchers also said other genetic factors appear to play a role in the extent to which these foods affect homocysteine levels.

While further research is necessary, it may be worth a try.

There’s also some evidence to suggest that people with certain rarer MTHFR mutations may benefit from avoiding folic acid in the diet.

However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises that it’s not necessary to avoid folic acid for people with the most common mutations. It’s a good idea to talk with your doctor to be sure.

Get involved

ADHD and genetics are popular areas of current research. If you want to help scientists better understand how our genes influence the development of ADHD or other mental health conditions, check out ClinicalTrials.gov to learn more about currently open trials and studies.

Make sure to always discuss your participation in a clinical trial with your primary healthcare professional, especially if it will involve any changes to your current treatment plans.

While research on the link between ADHD and the MTHFR mutation is still emerging, some evidence suggests a connection.

So far, limited research shows that folate supplementation and healthy dietary changes may reduce the negative effects of the mutation as well as ADHD symptoms.