People with MS may be twice as likely to die by suicide as people in the larger population. But research suggests that coping strategies and social support can significantly reduce this risk.
A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be daunting. Many people experience significant mental health challenges after diagnosis, including depression, anxiety, and stress. Related symptoms like sleep problems and fatigue can also affect quality of life.
For some people with MS, these challenges can lead to thoughts of suicide. However, research shows that recognizing the signs and offering the right kind of support can significantly reduce suicide risk among people with MS.
Suicide prevention
If you or someone you know is considering suicide, you’re not alone. Help is available right now:
- Call the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline 24 hours a day at 988.
- Text “HOME” to the Crisis Textline at 741741.
- Not in the U.S.? Find a helpline in your country with Befrienders Worldwide.
Research has consistently found a higher suicide rate among people with multiple sclerosis than those in the broader population.
For example, a 2019 review of studies found that people with MS were 72% more likely to die by suicide than those in the broader population.
The review also found that the risk of suicide at diagnosis was higher than the risk at the onset of symptoms. Suicide risk was more than double that of the broader population at the time of diagnosis.
Earlier research from 2017 examined nine studies from across Europe and North America. Researchers in that review concluded that the suicide risk among people with MS was about twice that of the broader population.
A 2024 study found that 19.1% (about 1 in 5) of people with MS experienced suicidal ideation (suicidal thoughts) across their lifetime. That was more than double the rate in the broader population.
A 2023 review found that
Depression is the most significant causal risk factor for suicide in people with MS. Up to 50% of people with MS experience depression at some point in their lives. Yet, some experts say it often goes unrecognized and untreated.
Even though MS is
A 2019 review also noted that social isolation and reduced independence are key risk factors for suicidal ideation in people with MS.
A 2024 study identified additional risk factors, including:
- more severe disease
- difficulty with sleep
- higher fatigue levels
- low household income
Notably, the study researchers found that support strategies that allowed people with MS to feel more independent reduced the effect of all the risk factors except for household income.
Signs of suicide in people with MS“Red flag” behaviors that may indicate suicidal ideation in a person with MS may include:
- social isolation or withdrawal
- substance misuse or increasing alcohol use
- intense and persistent bereavement
- sudden behavior changes, like stopping exercising
- putting their affairs in order
- statements of hopelessness
- expressing about being a burden
- family members expressing concern
Despite the mental health challenges that may accompany an MS diagnosis, several avenues of support are available. Recommended options include:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): A 2024 study suggested that CBT can help reduce depression, anxiety, and stress in people with MS. It can also improve independence and quality of life.
- Peer support groups: In-person and online support groups offer opportunities to connect with others with MS and share experiences and strategies.
- Digital apps: MS apps can help you track symptoms, medications, and mood, get mental health tips, and have opportunities for meditation or connecting with a counselor.
- Medications: Doctors can prescribe medications to help manage symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue in people with MS.
- Routine checkups: Keeping regular appointments with your medical team can help them be aware of any new mental health symptoms. They can offer new resources or referrals.
Multiple sclerosis support groups
Joining an MS support group can be helpful, especially for people with a new diagnosis. In-person and online support groups are available. Some people benefit from a
The following resources may be helpful:
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Multiple Sclerosis Foundation
- Multiple Sclerosis Association of America
If you’re looking to connect with other people with MS, resources like Healthline’s Bezzy MS also offer an online safe space for community, guidance from peers and experts, and support.
A 2020 study found a link between social support for people with MS and a lower likelihood of suicidal thoughts or risk factors for them. Social support can be:
- Emotional: This support involves sharing positive and negative feelings or experiences.
- Tangible: It’s practical support, such as accompanying them to appointments or helping around the home.
- Informational: The support comprises offering advice or helping with decision making.
If you notice signs of suicidal ideation in someone with MS, you may want to talk with them about it if you feel comfortable doing so. Some people worry that bringing up a sensitive topic like suicide may increase the risk, but experts note that this is not the case.
If you suspect that someone with MS may be thinking about suicide, try encouraging them to get help by contacting a mental health professional or a suicide hotline.
Mental health challenges, like depression and anxiety, are common among people with MS, especially soon after a diagnosis. This can cause people with MS to experience suicidal thoughts at rates twice as high as the larger population.
Recognizing the signs, such as social withdrawal or sudden behavior changes, can help loved ones and healthcare professionals identify people with MS who may be at greater risk of suicide. Offering social support, coping strategies, and treatment options can help reduce suicide risk in this population.