Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the leading cause of disability in more than 160 countries, affecting about 1.71 billion people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. MSDs limit mobility through their effects on your:

  • bones
  • joints
  • muscles
  • tendons
  • ligaments

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) defines a disability as a physical or mental condition that “substantially limits” someone from participating in everyday activities.

But which of the more than 150 different MSDs may have symptoms substantial enough to qualify as a disability?

In the United States, people qualify for disability through the Social Security Administration (SSA) through one of two programs: Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security Disability Income (SSDI).

To determine your eligibility, the SSA considers if you’ve had congenital (from birth) or acquired structural issues with your spine, arms, or legs. They’ll also consider you for disability if you have any soft tissue injuries that are under continuing surgical management.

Specific MSDs that may qualify include:

Having an MSD itself is not enough to qualify for disability. You’ll need to prove that the condition prevents you from participating in regular activities, like school or work.

The SSA will need to review medical evidence from a doctor who can comment on your condition and progress over an extended period. Specific details may vary depending on the condition. Reviewing the SSA criteria for children and adults can provide you with information specific to you.

Note that the application process can take a long time and may require several tries. As of October 2024, processing times for disability applications are 7 months. Working with a healthcare professional and keeping in contact with the SSA can help ensure you submit the necessary forms to minimize delays.