Dermatitis means inflammation of the skin. Eczema is a term used to describe a group of skin conditions that cause itchy, dry, and inflamed skin.

People often use the terms eczema and dermatitis interchangeably, but “dermatitis” is a broader term that encompasses more than eczema rashes.

Yes there’s a difference, but they overlap.

The term “dermatitis” is a general term that means inflammation of the skin while eczema is a chronic condition of inflamed skin with other symptoms like itching, a flaky or scaly rash, and dry skin.

The terminology can get confusing because the most common form of eczema is a type of dermatitis called atopic dermatitis. Doctors and researchers use the terms “eczema” and “atopic dermatitis” interchangeably.

However, other types of dermatitis and eczema have more specific names, different symptoms, and other features that don’t overlap. Scroll down for more in-depth information on these types.

What they have in common

Both conditions involve skin irritation and inflammation.

And the different types of dermatitis and eczema have a lot more in common, including some symptoms, complications, risk factors, causes, and triggers.

For instance, dryness can trigger eczema and a type of dermatitis called asteatotic dermatitis, and temperature changes can trigger eczema and other types of dermatitis, including cholinergic urticaria (heat hives) and miliaria (heat rash). Hormonal changes can also contribute to both dermatitis and eczema.

Eczema is a chronic condition, but some people experience acute flares as they can with dermatitis. Likewise, dermatitis can sometimes be chronic.

Both conditions can cause swelling, blisters, skin discoloration, severe itching, crusted patches, discharge, and other symptoms.

If you’re experiencing signs or symptoms that seem like eczema or dermatitis, it’s a good idea to speak with a healthcare professional.

There are several distinct types of eczema and dermatitis, and it’s possible to have more than one type at the same time. While eczema and dermatitis typically cause skin discoloration and itching, some types also cause blistering and peeling.

Atopic dermatitis, also called eczema

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition that requires symptom management. Its characteristics include an itchy rash that usually appears at body joints like knees or elbows and even around the neck, but it can occur anywhere on the body.

This condition occurs in flare-ups or bouts, meaning that it gets worse and improves in irregular cycles. Symptoms include:

Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis occurs when your skin reacts to something you touched. This can include bleach, soap, poison ivy, certain metals, or other irritants. The rash may itch or burn. Symptoms include:

  • rash
  • itching
  • burning
  • stinging
  • blisters with liquid

Seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis commonly affects areas that produce oil or where hair grows. These are areas that secrete sebum (oil). This dermatitis has a scaly, dry appearance and may be due to a reaction to the yeast in your skin.

Symptoms include:

  • scaly patches that can be dry or appear greasy
  • dandruff
  • skin discoloration
  • rash located in oily areas

Seborrheic dermatitis is also known as seborrhea and cradle cap.

A related condition called pityriasis capitis (dandruff) is a milder, noninflammatory form of seborrheic dermatitis, though expert opinions vary on this distinction.

Other types of eczema

There are several other types of eczema beyond atopic dermatitis:

Most forms of dermatitis and eczema are chronic conditions. One exception is contact dermatitis. You can help prevent it by determining what irritant triggers the condition for you and avoiding it where possible.

It’s important to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis. Once you and your doctor have determined the triggers for your type of eczema or dermatitis, then you can try to avoid it. For example, gluten can trigger dermatitis herpetiformis, and allergens can trigger contact dermatitis.

You can often avoid or manage other forms of dermatitis with proper self-care, which includes:

  • taking short showers or baths, since bathing for long periods can dry out the skin
  • using moisturizers like oils, lotions, or creams
  • avoiding irritants that make your skin more susceptible to breakouts, like scented products
  • avoiding scrubbing your skin too hard
  • using topical steroids to help with itching
  • keeping your fingernails short if you have a habit of scratching
  • avoiding stressful situations that may cause a flare-up

Establishing a skin care routine can help you manage your atopic dermatitis or eczema symptoms. A doctor can help you design a regimen that works for you. To help avoid flare-ups, try identifying things that may cause your breakouts.

Usually, people can resolve minor outbreaks of dermatitis with self-care. Still, if your symptoms don’t improve, you should visit a dermatologist to determine the best course of action for symptom management of eczema or dermatitis.

If your skin becomes painful, infected, or very uncomfortable, make a doctor’s appointment as soon as possible.

The words “eczema” and “dermatitis” are generic terms for skin inflammation, and people often use them interchangeably. In addition, the most common form of eczema is a specific skin condition called atopic dermatitis.

Many types of dermatitis and eczema have similarities, but not all of them overlap in their symptoms, causes, and other features.

Typically, people can manage most types of dermatitis by using condition-appropriate skin care and avoiding irritants that trigger flare-ups.

If you’re experiencing irritated or painful skin and aren’t sure of the cause, or the condition is not responding to over-the-counter treatments, you may have a skin infection or an underlying condition.

Speak with a doctor or dermatologist for a personalized treatment plan.